International Journal of Social and Educational Innovation (IJSEIro)

THE IMPACT OF ALTITUDE TRAINING ON LUNG ADAPTATION AND ENDURANCE IMPROVEMENT IN ELITE VOLLEYBALL ATHLETES

Nora DEDA — 2025-01-20

Altitude training above sea level is an effective method for enhancing aerobic capacity and endurance in elite athletes, especially in sports that demand high performance, such as volleyball. This study aims to examine the impact of altitude training on lung adaptation and improvement of physiological indicators, such as pulmonary capacity, VO2 max, and concentrations of hemoglobin and erythropoietin (EPO), in a group of 20 professional volleyball players. The athletes were divided into two groups: an experimental group of 10 volleyball players trained at altitude (2000 m above sea level) for 4 weeks, while the control group of 10 volleyball players continued regular training at sea level. The results showed that the experimental group achieved significant improvements in pulmonary capacity (+12%), VO2 max (+15%), and levels of hemoglobin and EPO compared to the control group. These findings suggest that altitude training may help elite volleyball players enhance endurance and performance during intensive activities. The benefits of altitude training can be integrated into training programs for athletes seeking increased aerobic capacity and overall performance improvement.

TEACHER ATTRITION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS: A CASE STUDY

Mapula Rebecca MABUSELA — 2025-01-22

The purpose of the article was to examine the way female principals experienced teacher attrition in their schools. The purpose about this study was not to generalise but to better understand how female principals experienced teacher attrition. The main question that this article wanted to understand was: What are the causes of teacher attrition in public schools?” The study was conducted in the Tshwane West District of Gauteng Province. The Tshwane West District is one of the fifteen districts of Gauteng Province, situated to the West of Pretoria. Qualitative approach was used, and method of data collected was through interviews. Fourteen (14) female school principals were selected as key informants who could provide information on teacher attrition. Of the fourteen female principals, nine (9) were primary school principals and five secondary school principals. These participants were chosen because they were likely to be knowledgeable and informative about teacher attrition. Analysis: Data was coded, and it was ensured that data that corresponded to the codes which were identified as the analysis was done. Patterns and themes emerged as the coding continued. Then interpretive paradigm was used to understand the participants experiences. It was found that the cause of teacher attrition was due to factors beyond the control of the schools such as legislation, technology, economy, retirement, dismissals, and redundancies in schools.

PARENTS AS CATALYSTS FOR STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION TOWARD INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Maryam Chinasa ADEWUNMI — 2025-01-30

This study explores the role of parents as catalysts for structural transformation toward inclusive and sustainable development. It employs a qualitative, phenomenological approach to gain in-depth insights into the experiences of parents who actively engage in initiatives promoting inclusivity and sustainability in their communities. The research is based on interviews with ten parents from diverse socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. Thematic analysis was utilised to identify core themes. The findings highlight the essential role parents play in driving positive change within their families and communities. Parents actively contribute to promoting inclusive education, advocating for sustainable practices, and fostering economic resilience. Despite challenges such as limited resources and institutional support, they persist in creating lasting change, often generating ripple effects that extend beyond their immediate circles. To strengthen this transformative role, the study recommends several strategies, including the development of educational programs to enhance parental understanding of inclusivity and sustainability, the establishment of parent-led community networks, and the integration of sustainability themes into school curricula. Additionally, supporting parental advocacy, promoting financial literacy, and improving access to resources in underserved communities are essential for empowering parents to lead and inspire change. By providing parents with the tools, platforms, and support they need, communities can harness their potential as agents of structural transformation, advancing inclusive and sustainable development and ensuring a better future for future generations.

INTEGRATED TEACHING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN STUDENTS

Alma ŠKUGOR — 2025-02-17

Achieving behavioral changes and acquiring new skills necessitates a multilevel approach, beginning at the individual level and extending to local and global contexts. Teachers hold a pivotal role in fostering a sustainability-oriented society by preparing students to become active citizens equipped with knowledge, competencies, and skills, while demonstrating entrepreneurial and proactive behavior. This study aims to examine the behavioral changes observed in students following the implementation of a project that integrated media-based educational content and didactically structured materials on sustainable development. The project was conducted between November 2021 and June 2022, involving 41 schools across Croatia. A total of 69 teachers and 1,037 first- and second-grade primary school students participated in the project activities. Data collection tools included an activity log, an activity recording table, a Facebook support group for teachers, and a final evaluation in the form of an online questionnaire featuring reflections from both teachers and students. These paper presents the findings of the final evaluation focused on students, analysed through descriptive statistical methods and qualitative approaches. Teachers observed diverse changes in student behavior, including increased care for plants and animals, maintaining cleanliness in their surroundings, valuing a healthy diet, respecting cultural and natural heritage, and heightened motivation for independent exploration. Additional improvements included enhanced empathy, collaboration, peaceful conflict resolution, polite behavior, inclusivity, self-confidence, freedom of expression, and active participation in discussions.

THE NEED FOR DEVELOPING AN ACTION PLAN FOR ENSURING COMPLIANCE WITH ETHICS AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY STANDARDS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH ON THE CONCEPT OF METACOGNITION

Marius Costel ESI — 2025-02-27

The development of an Action Plan for ensuring compliance with ethics and academic integrity standards in writing research on the concept of metacognition, from our perspective, involves considering a series of aspects, primarily focusing on the respect for academic ethical principles regarding the structure and design of the work itself. This research addresses the importance of creating an Action Plan to ensure adherence to ethics and academic integrity standards in metacognition-related research. Its main purpose is to highlight the need for implementing clear strategies that protect the quality and transparency of research in the field of metacognition.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION. THE PROMISE AND CHALLENGES OF THE SCHOOL OF THE FUTURE

Andreea Georgiana CASCU (IVAN) — 2025-02-05

Technology is evolving at an accelerating pace, and one of the most exciting and transformative areas is artificial intelligence (AI). In education, AI promises to redefine the way we learn and teach, but it also brings with it significant challenges. his transformation is made possible by using technology to analyze each student's behavior, preferences, and pace of learning, providing personalized educational pathways. Unlike traditional teaching methods, where all students are treated similarly, artificial intelligence-based technologies can pinpoint gaps in a student's understanding and provide tailored resources to fill those gaps. One of the biggest advantages of personalization is that students can learn at their own pace, which is important for an effective educational process.

SOURCES OF STRESS AND ANXIETY IN TEENAGE YEARS

Alina COSTIN — 2025-02-21

Adolescence has evolved into an increasingly complex stage of life, likely due to various social and technological changes. An increasing number of cases of adolescents with anxiety problems are being reported (McLaughlin & Hatzenbuehler, 2009). Stressors have multiplied, making it more important than ever to focus on understanding and addressing adolescent health (Radez et al., 2021; Calear et al., 2021). This paper aims to explore the correlations between stress factors and anxiety in adolescents. The sample consists of 70 adolescents, randomly selected from schools in Arad, who participated in an online study. The following tools were applied to assess the major dimensions of anxiety and sources of stress in children and adolescents: the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (March & Sullivan, 1999) and the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (Bryne, Davenport, & Mazanov, 2007). The results indicate an association between anxiety and sources of stress in adolescence, as well as differences based on family structure.

THE CHANGING ROLE OF TEACHERS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: FROM KNOWLEDGE TRANSMITTER TO LEARNING FACILITATOR

Ioana DOCHIA — 2025-03-02

The digital transformation of education redefines the role of the teacher, requiring new competencies and adaptability to emerging technologies. This article analyses key changes in pedagogical practices, emphasizing the need for digital competencies and innovative teaching approaches. The following literature review synthesizes and analyses existing research on this specific topic, providing an overview of key findings. Additionally, the article highlights the danger of the teacher transforming into an entertainer or edutainer, where the focus on engaging students through entertainment may come at the cost of meaningful learning and their role as an assertentainer - a figure who balances authority with active student involvement in the learning process.

OVERSEEING THE PARALLEL PROCESS IN SOCIAL WORK

Loredana-Ileana VÎȘCU — 2025-03-05

The parallel process has been and continues to be a controversial topic of interest in psychotherapy, and has been extended to social work supervision. The aim of the paper is to provide some guidelines for the supervisor and the supervisee to intervene in the situation following the awareness of the parallel process in supervision and to prevent the emergence of the parallel process in supervision in psychotherapy and social work supervision, with the adoption of a relational stance in psychotherapy and supervision. In this regard we adapted Ladany et all's Model (2005) and designed an Insight Sheet useful in psychotherapy, social work and supervision for the development of relational breathing competence. The theme of parallel process is a theme that we consider to be a necessary theme in psychotherapy and supervision training curricula.

TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES: MOTIVATION AND COOPERATIVE LEARNING

Enkela DALIPI — 2025-03-05

One of the most notable features of recent years in the field of linguistics and didactics of foreign languages is the increase of interest in languages for specific purposes. This development is driven by incoming demand from work and academic domain, with the significant need to study a foreign language for specific purposes.

The purpose of this paper is the detailed examination of the problems regarding their teaching in the university context, focusing mainly in cooperative didactics, which presents two sides: cooperation between teachers and students in the linguistic context and in the context of the specialty discipline.

We will focus on the teacher - student interaction, which sees the collaboration of two experts: the student, an expert in the specific discipline and the teacher, an expert in the language and glottodidactics, a collaboration which must be present in the entire didactic process, from its programming to its completion.

TRAUMA-INFORMED SOCIAL WORK: A BIBLIOMETRIC EXPLORATION OF RESEARCH TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN FORENSIC SOCIAL WORK

Dana RAD — 2025-03-03

Integrating ideas of safety, trust, cooperation, and empowerment across many practice areas, trauma-informed interventions have become a necessary paradigm in social work. Research trends, thematic clusters, and citation impact are examined in this bibliometric analysis of 227 records taken from the Web of Science Core Collection under the terms "trauma-informed strategies" AND "social work". Trauma and adverse childhood events, trauma-informed care and psychological interventions, post-traumatic stress disorder and mental health, and gender, social determinants, and public health were four thematic clusters found by a co-occurrence analysis of 2568 keywords using VOSviewer reflecting main research directions. The study emphasizes the changing trauma-informed social work practices, the field's multidisciplinary character, and the growing focus on evidence-based interventions. Results highlight the need of including trauma-informed ideas into frontline social work practice, policy formation, and educational process. This study provides insights for practitioners, researchers, and legislators trying to improve trauma-sensitive interventions, so helping to deepen knowledge of trauma-informed research paths.

TRACING THE IMPACT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL TRAUMA IN SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH

Tiberiu DUGHI — 2025-03-07

In social work research, historical trauma is becoming a major focus of study addressing the intergenerational repercussions of oppression, systematic inequality, and community-wide suffering among underprivileged groups. Using data from the Web of Science Core Collection, this paper does a bibliometric analysis to investigate the evolution and research patterns associated with historical trauma in social work. Using VOSviewer, 424 records in all were examined with an eye toward co-occurrence trends of terms. From an initial 1,612 keywords, 122 satisfied the minimum occurrence requirement of five, and clusters were found depending on a minimum cluster size of 15. The results draw attention to important areas of research including trauma passed down throughout generations, indigenous cultures, mental health inequities, and treatment approaches. The study also exposes developing themes, significant works, and citation patterns, therefore providing insightful analysis of the intellectual framework of social work-based historical trauma research. By mapping scholarly debate, pointing up gaps, and offering recommendations for future trauma-informed social work practice research approaches, this study advances the field.

THE IMPACT OF FITNESS EXERCISE ON TEENAGERS' MENTAL HEALTH: REDUCING STRESS AND ENHANCING SELF-CONFIDENCE

Mihai MĂRGINEAN — 2025-03-10

In a society defined by an increasing amount of stress and social pressure, teenagers' mental health has become a major concern. Exercises, especially fitness programs, have been proven to be an efficient way to decrease stress and improve self-esteem in this age category. The aim of this study is to address questions regarding the relationship between physical exercise and youth mental health, focusing on the reduction of stress levels and the strengthening of self-esteem, by analyzing the perspectives of recognized authors. Based on a detailed analysis of the field literature, a considerable connection was found between regular physical exercise and the decline in anxiety and stress levels, as well as the improvement of self-esteem and physical ability. The results of the study highlight the importance of including fitness in teenagers' daily routines as an accessible and efficient way to sustain mental health and general well-being, analyzing the perspectives of scientists.

DEFENSE STRATEGIES OF ADOLESCENTS WITH A HISTORY OF ABUSE

Alina COSTIN — 2025-03-17

Evidence shows that both in the family environment and in the special protection system, adolescents report abuse or neglect. We aim to explore the defense strategies of adolescents who have suffered abuse or neglect. The psychodynamic concept of defense mechanisms is nowadays considered by professionals with various theoretical orientations to be of great importance in understanding human development and psychological functioning. More than half a century of empirical research has demonstrated the impact of defensive functioning on psychological well-being, personality organization, and treatment outcome.
Given a glaring lack in the literature of empirical studies based on the concept of defense mechanisms and childhood abuse and neglect, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence of relationships between childhood trauma and abuse and the development of defense mechanisms during adolescence.
The results indicate associations between maladaptive defense mechanisms (neurotic and immature) with high levels of abuse and neglect, but also the emergence of highly adaptive defense patterns, such as affiliation, sublimation and anticipation. Also, a trend toward negative association was observed between physical and sexual abuse and neglect and most adaptive defense mechanisms.

RESTORATIVE JUSTICE-INFORMED CRIMINAL JUSTICE SOCIAL WORK AND PROBATION SERVICES

Adrian VLAI — 2025-03-26

Restorative justice (RJ) has been a groundbreaking movement in criminal justice social work and probation services, as it shifts focus from punishment to rehabilitation, responsibility, and reintegrative socialization. The current paper discusses the implementation of RJ principles in probationary intervention and proposes an organized, process-oriented psychointervention approach integrating cognitive-behavioral, self-determination, and trauma-informed models. By using psychological theories such as Cognitive-Behavioral Theory, Social Learning Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and Strain Theory, the study highlights the necessity of responding to offenders' cognitive distortions, emotional regulation deficit, and social disconnection in an effort to reduce recidivism and enhance long-term reintegration success. The intervention model proposed contains three significant phases: (1) Initial assessment and risk profiling, by employing psychometric measures and criminogenic need assessments to develop customized rehabilitation plans; (2) Individualized psychosocial intervention planning, involving cognitive restructuring, social support enhancement, and mental health interventions to address underlying criminogenic issues; and (3) Restorative justice in practice, through the implementation of victim-offender mediation, participation in community service, and monitoring of progress to maintain positive behavioral change. The research also considers the practical and ethical challenges of RJ in probation practice, namely concerns around power imbalance, coercion, and rehabilitation versus accountability. The research finds the need for empirically informed, structured interventions that move away from punitive models of surveillance to a more integrative, rehabilitative model of criminal justice social work. Future research should address the longitudinal consequences of RJ-informed interventions and system-level factors influencing probation success, so that rehabilitative processes are maintained as equitable, sustainable, and responsive to offender need.

THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS ON ACADEMIC WRITING IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Tiziana LEKA — 2025-04-22

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools have become increasingly sophisticated in recent years, providing new ways for students to improve their writing ability. These tools can help with tasks such as grammar and spell-checking, generating topic ideas, and even offering suggestions for improvements in style and structure. The effects of such tools on users and students writing ability have been the subject of recent research, with some studies indicating positive outcomes. The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools has transformed various aspects of education, particularly in academic writing. This study investigates the impact of AI-assisted writing tools on university students' writing skills, focusing on areas such as grammar, structure, vocabulary, coherence, and critical thinking. Using a quasi-experimental research design, the study evaluates students' writing performance on utilizing AI tools. The research involved 30 university students enrolled in Business English language courses at University of Tirana, Albania.

The findings of the research provide insights to educators navigating the integration of Artificial Intelligence tools into writing curricula while maintaining instructional quality and academic integrity standards in Albania, and not only. However, the study also reveals concerns about over-reliance on AI, which may hinder the development of students' critical thinking and original writing abilities. Student feedback indicates that AI tools are generally seen as beneficial for refining writing but should be used as supplements rather than replacements for independent writing efforts. This study contributes to understanding the role of AI in higher education writing and provides recommendations for educators, students, and policymakers on the ethical and effective use of AI tools in academic contexts.

PROCESS MEASURES IN EDUCATIONAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COUNSELLING RESEARCH: USES AND METHODOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

Nadia Habiba BENKHEDIR — 2025-05-01

The process of change is a key research variable in the fields of counselling, psychotherapy and academic learning. Understanding this process is as important as measuring its outcome. This cannot be done without collecting process data. A review of the literature revealed that the use of process measures in the three fields emerged at different times and developed at different rates. The aim of this paper is to shed some light on the development of process research in these three related fields. To this end, we will briefly refer to the meaning of process in these fields, then, we will list different types of research questions that require collecting process data. We will also list the most known process measures in each of the fields in question. Finally, we will discuss the importance of different types of time series analysis as the most adequate and easy process data analysis procedures.

FULFILLING LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES AND ENCOURAGING CRITICAL THINKING THROUGH THE LITERARY TREATMENT OF AN ALBANIAN AUTHOR

Fjora DHIMITRI — 2025-05-28

In pre-university education in the Republic of Albania, the subject of the Albanian language is developed by students from the first grade of primary education to the last year of upper secondary education. The teaching of the Albanian language is carried out based on the Subject Curricular Guide. According to this guide, the acquisition of the Albanian language is achieved when students achieve several key competencies, which are: listening to various texts; speaking to communicate and learn; reading various literary and non-literary texts; writing for personal and functional purposes; correct use of the language. Proficiency in these competencies means proficiency in the use of the Albanian language. The Ministry of Education approves the Curricular Guide for each subject, as well as the appropriate textbooks for addressing the topics during the lesson. In this part of the paper, the literary text of the albanian author Kasëm Trebeshina is analyzed to highlight how this text can be widely used as material in fulfilling the fifth linguistic competencies.

THE CHALLENGES OF SPIRITUALITY IN SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE

Ioana-Eva CĂDARIU — 2025-05-01

This paper examines how spirituality and religion can be included in social work, focusing on their potential to support clients' resilience and emotional well-being. It explores three key areas: how spirituality and religion are defined and understood in the context of social care; the challenges of introducing these topics into social worker education; and the ethical risks that can arise when spiritual beliefs are misused or oversimplified in practice. The discussion emphasizes the need for a reflective approach, where professionals are aware of their own values and remain open to the diverse spiritual perspectives of those they support.

DIGITAL DILEMMA: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES ON DEVELOPMENT AND PRACTICAL EDUCATIONAL ALTERNATIVES

Monica TURTUREAN — 2025-05-01

The increasing presence of electronic devices in the daily lives of children has sparked significant concern regarding their potential impact on various aspects of child development. With the rise of smartphones, tablets, and computers, children are exposed to technology at an early age, raising questions about its influence on cognitive, emotional, and social growth. This paper explores the effects of electronic devices on children, focusing on cognitive development, social interactions, and emotional well-being. The extensive use of screens has been linked to a reduction in face-to-face interactions, which could hinder the development of vital social skills, including empathy, communication, and conflict resolution. Furthermore, prolonged screen time has been associated with cognitive delays, such as difficulties in attention regulation and memory retention. Studies suggest that excessive screen exposure can lead to technology addiction, further impeding a child's ability to engage in real-world interactions.

However, the impact of technology is not entirely negative. Electronic devices, when used in moderation and in educational contexts, can provide children with valuable learning opportunities. Digital tools offer access to interactive educational content, enhance problem-solving skills, and support creative expression. To mitigate the adverse effects of screen time, this paper proposes a set of alternative educational strategies, such as setting screen time limits, promoting outdoor play, and encouraging parents and educators to engage in active mediation of technology use. The role of parental guidance in managing screen time and encouraging balanced usage is also critical in fostering healthy development. By understanding the complex relationship between technology and child development, society can better navigate the digital age while ensuring children's well-being.

EXISTENTIAL THEMES: SOCIAL WORKERS' PERSPECTIVES ON DEVELOPING THERAPEUTIC PRESENCE THROUGH SUPERVISION

Ioana-Eva CĂDARIU — 2025-05-02

This qualitative study explored how social workers undergoing supervision in integrative psychotherapy develop therapeutic presence in the face of difficult existential themes and identify directions perceived as relevant for future practice. Twenty social workers completed an online questionnaire via Google Forms. Demographic data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics for macOS, version 30.0 (IBM Corp., 2024), and qualitative responses were processed through thematic analysis (Clarke & Braun, 2017). The resulting themes focused on developing authentic presence, working with trauma and attachment, supporting adolescents, and integrating existential and spiritual dimensions into practice. The results emphasize the importance of ongoing training and personal development for strengthening therapeutic competence.

EXAMINING CHALLENGES SCHOOL GOVERNING BODIES LACK OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: SOCIAL JUSTICE LENS

Saltiel Khololo Collen MATABOGE — 2025-06-02

The purpose of this conceptual paper is to examine the challenges related to the lack of financial accountability of School Governing Bodies (SGBs) in secondary schools through the lens of social justice. The main question guiding this study is: How does the lack of financial accountability within SGBs affect the equitable allocation of resources in secondary schools? This is a qualitative study that utilizes recent literature reviews (2018-2024), which encompass scholarly books and articles, to analyse the impact of financial mismanagement on educational equity. Using an interpretive paradigm, the study explores how financial discrepancies undermine fairness in resource distribution, thereby disproportionately affecting marginalized students. Findings reveal that inadequate financial oversight by SGBs often leads to resource misallocation by exacerbating educational inequities and impeding the achievement of social justice in schools. The study highlights the need for transparent financial practices and stronger accountability measures. The study is significant in promoting equity and inclusivity in educational settings by advocating for effective financial governance within SGBs. However, limitations include the reliance on secondary data and the lack of empirical fieldwork, which may affect the depth of contextual insights. Further research is needed to explore the practical implications of these findings in various school contexts.

ATTITUDES TOWARD HOMOSEXUALITY AMONG YOUNG ROMANIAN HETEROSEXUALS: THE ROLES OF SEXIM, RELIGIOSITY, AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

Georgiana LĂZĂRESCU — 2025-06-02

We examined the attitudes toward homosexuality in a sample of 531 young heterosexual Romanian adults aged 18 to 30 (M = 22.92, SD = 2.62). Participants were residents from urban (48.8%) and rural (51.6%) areas, most of them having a university degree (59.1%). Results suggested that age, sexism, and religiosity were positively related to more negative views toward homosexuality. While participants’ residential areas and education were not significantly related to their attitudes toward homosexuality, gender contributed to significant variability in this regard. We found that male participants had more negative views toward homosexuality compared to their female counterparts. Regression analyses suggested that, in the male sample, the only significant predictor of negative attitudes toward homosexuality was age. However, in the female sample, religiosity was the most important predictor of negative attitudes toward homosexuality. These findings emphasize the intricate nature of the elements that influence the attitudes of Romanian heterosexuals toward homosexuality. Our results may also help direct future therapies, educational programs, and therapeutic strategies intended to reduce these negative attitudes. Also, these findings can shape implications for policy development aimed at fostering inclusivity and acceptance of individuals with diverse sexual orientations, especially in highly religious countries such as Romania.

THE ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS IN LEADING AND MANAGING EDUCATIONAL RESILIENCE FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Peter Babajide OLOBA — 2025-04-01

Educational resilience for sustainability refers to the ability of educational systems to adapt, recover, and thrive amid challenges, ensuring long-term viability and effectiveness. This concept involves continuous improvement and innovation to meet evolving socio-economic and environmental demands. Stakeholder involvement is crucial for enhancing educational resilience for sustainability. Research has shown that one key reason for the ineffectiveness of educational resilience for sustainability is the lack of broad stakeholder engagement; the government alone cannot shoulder this responsibility. Therefore, this study aims to explore the stakeholders who should be involved in leading and managing educational resilience for sustainability. Through the lens of a constructivist research paradigm, the study is located in a generic qualitative research design with the use of one-on-one semi-structured interviews with 38 participants from 12 stakeholder groups for the data collection and the use of qualitative content analysis techniques for analysing the data. The findings identify the political class, teachers, reform facilitators, proprietors of private schools, students, parents, the legislature, the government, traditional rulers, religious leaders, NGOs, teacher training institutions, teachers’ unions, and the ministry of education as essential stakeholders that should be involved in leading and managing educational resilience for sustainability. The study recommends involving all stakeholders in every facet of resilience-building to achieve effective management and leadership in educational resilience for sustainability. Such inclusive involvement ensures diverse perspectives and expertise are integrated, fostering a comprehensive and effective approach to addressing sustainability challenges. Moreover, stakeholder engagement promotes shared responsibility and commitment, ultimately enhancing the capacity of educational systems to adapt and thrive in the face of adversity, thereby propelling sustainability.

OBSERVE, BLOCK, AND DEFEND: PERSONALITY, EMPATHY, AND BULLYING EXPERIENCES AMONG ROMANIAN ADOLESCENTS IN KEMPO TRAINING

Iustin COSTEA — 2025-05-01

This longitudinal study examined how personality traits, empathic concern, and martial arts training (Kempo) may predict bullying involvement and bystander behavior among Romanian adolescents across offline and online contexts. A total of 182 adolescents (aged 11–16) completed self-report measures at two time points, eight weeks apart. At Time 1, neuroticism and empathic concern positively predicted offline and online victimization, while conscientiousness and openness to experience acted as protective factors. Extraversion, along with empathic concern, positively predicted active defending behaviors. However, at Time 2, none of the accounted variables predicted bullying victimization or defending. These findings highlight the need for ongoing, context-sensitive interventions and suggest that martial arts training may contribute to youth development when integrated with broader prosocial education.

KICKING BACK AGAINST BULLYING: SOCIAL MEDIA, PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS, AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF KEMPO TRAINING AMONG ROMANIAN ADOLESCENTS

Iustin COSTEA — 2025-03-05

While prior studies have widely explored the relations between bullying experiences, distress, and social media use, limited research has examined the potential protective role of Kempo, a traditional martial art. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the relations between the time spent on social media, bullying experiences, and psychological distress among youth. A sample of 254 Romanian adolescents aged 11 to 17, including 188 Kempo practitioners and 66 non-practicing peers, participated in this study. We aimed to determine whether adolescents who practice Kempo differ from their peers regarding bullying victimization, distress, and active bystander bullying involvement, and whether Kempo practice moderates the link between bullying and psychological outcomes, i.e., distress. Results indicated that both offline and online bullying victimization were positively associated with psychological distress. Adolescents in the Kempo group reported significantly lower levels of offline victimization and psychological distress compared to their non-practicing peers. However, they were also less likely to engage in active defending behavior. Contrary to expectations, Kempo practice did not buffer the impact of victimization; instead, the link between offline bullying and distress was stronger among Kempo practitioners. The moderating effect was not significant for online bullying. These findings suggest that while Kempo practice may support general wellbeing, it does not necessarily protect against the emotional effects of bullying victimization.

LUDIC APPROACH TO TEACH ITALIAN AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE (FL)

Aida GJINALI — 2025-06-01

This research aims to highlight how necessary and important is to apply the ludic approach as a teaching tool in teaching a foreign language. The use of the ludic approach in language classes is fundamental to create not only a playful, stimulating, and motivating atmosphere, but above all because, as the literature already points out, the game is fundamental for spontaneous and motivating learning.

For this purpose, this modest research aims to apply some games in Italian language classes that are chosen according to the age and language level of pupils. The research was carried out at a nine-year school in Albania studying Italian as a first and second foreign language. After utilizing the games listed below, a questionnaire was handed out to examine various aspects of the games used in the lessons, with particular emphasis on the participants' experience, preferences, advantages of language learning, and any barriers they encountered. The results of the questionnaire revealed that most pupils took part in games in foreign language classes and found them useful for improving their language skills. Pupils' favorite games included vocabulary, conversation, reading and writing. The participants appreciated different aspects of the games, including the fun they provided, the improvement in language skills, interaction with classmates and variation in learning activities. In addition, the use of games has been associated with increased student involvement and better motivation to learn a foreign language. However, some participants highlighted some challenges in the use of games, such as the difficulty in understanding the instructions of the game, the connection between the games and learning objectives, and the adaptation of the games to the different language skills of the students. Overall, the research highlighted the importance of using games in foreign language lessons to make learning more motivating, engaging and effective. The results provided a broad understanding of pupils’ experiences in using games and highlighted the importance of viewing games as a valuable tool for teaching foreign language classes.

IMPORT AND MANUFACTURING GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FROM NIGERIA

Ibrahim Yinka AGBEYINKA — 2025-05-01

The study was undertaken to find out the impact of import growth on the development of manufacturing industry sector in Nigeria. The study adopted simple regression on the ordinary least square (OLS) regression technique. The sample size was taken from 1981 to 2015 (34 years). Consequently, secondary sources of data from the central bank of Nigeria (CBN) were used. The use of Students’ test, F-ratio and Durbin-Watson Statistic was employed in finding out the empirical variability of the regression plans and testing the presence of autocorrelation respectively. In addition, the coefficient of determination (r²) was used to test for goodness of fit. The findings of the study indicate a significant positive relationship between import growth and output in the industrial sector. A significant relationship is shown between the exchange rate and industrial sector output, though positive and contrary to a priori expectation. The lag value of the dependent variable (INDP (-1)) is shown to have a significant positive relationship with economic growth. This also meets the priori expectation. The r2 value of 57.51% shows normal goodness of fit implying that the explanatory variables adequately explained the behavior of the dependent variables. Finally, this study makes the following recommendations: Nigeria's financial authorities ought to establish rules that will make credit more accessible for financial sector investment; also Nigeria should prioritize technical education more to fortify the nation's industrial basis and boost the output of the manufacturing sector and lastly the application of industrial policies is more crucial because it directs the manufacturing sectors to import necessary resources that, when converted, would produce more and be sufficiently consistent to have a suitable influence on Nigeria's manufacturing industry development.

THE IMPACT OF GODFATHERISM ON NIGERIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

Ahmed Oluwatobi ADEKUNLE — 2025-05-01

The idea of "godfatherism”, which refers to a system of political influence and patronage used by influential people, frequently at the expense of democratic values, is deeply ingrained in Nigerian politics. This phenomenon is now a key component in comprehending the nation's political dynamics because elected officials could put their godfathers' interests ahead of the people's interests. This creates a gulf between the governed and the government, undermining democratic processes. Subsequently, the current study delves into the impact of Godfatherism on Nigerian political system. Residents of Igabi metropolis in Kaduna state made up the study's population. The sample size was established by selecting 130 respondents in total from the population figure. This study employed Taro Yamane’s formula and survey research design was adopted for this study. Based on the responses of respondents the finding shows that increasing awareness and education about the dangers of godfatherism among citizens, particularly the youth, can empower them to challenge the status quo and demand accountability from their leaders. In addition, 13 respondents disagree that implementing robust accountability frameworks that hold political leaders accountable for their actions is vital. This study recommends raising citizens' knowledge and educating them about the perils of godfatherism, especially among young people, might give them the confidence to question the status quo and hold their leaders accountable. Programs for civic education ought to be incorporated into community projects and the school curriculum.

THE CONCEPTUAL EVOLUTION OF CRISIS COMMUNICATION IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY: FROM THE THREAT PARADIGM TO THE OPPORTUNITY PARADIGM

Mădălina TOMA — 2025-05-01

Crisis communication scholarship has increasingly shifted from viewing crises solely as threats (Birkland, 1968; Fearn-Banks, 1996; Seeger at al., 1998; Pearson & Clair, 1998; Heath & Millar, 2004) to organizational well-being toward recognizing them as potential opportunities for learning and renewal (Coombs, 2019; Diers-Lawson, 2019; Covello, 2022). This theoretical article traces the evolution of crisis communication paradigms, with a focus on the aviation industry as a high-stakes context frequently beset by crises. Early models, such as Corporate Apologia (Hearit, 2006), Image Repair Theory (Benoit, 1995, 1997, 2008) and Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) (Coombs, 1995, 1999, 2006, 2019), conceptualized crises primarily as reputation threats to be mitigated through defensive messaging. Newer approaches, including the Discourse of Renewal (Ulmer, 2007) and the Rhetorical Arena Theory (Frandsen & Johansen, 2010, 2017), reframe crises as catalysts for positive change, emphasizing stakeholder engagement, ethical communication, and organizational growth. By integrating key theories (SCCT, Image Repair, Arena theory, etc.) and illustrating their application to airline companies (e.g. TAROM, Wizz Air, Blue Air), the paper elucidates how the “threat paradigm” is being supplanted by an “opportunity paradigm” in crisis communication thinking. A summary table of major crisis communication theories is provided, aligning each with either a threat-centric or opportunity-centric perspective in the aviation context. The article concludes that airline organizations can benefit from adopting a renewal-oriented mindset, which not only mitigates damage but also strengthens trust and resilience in the aftermath of crises.

IMPACT OF HEALTHCARE DELIVERY ON PRIMARY OUTPUT SECTOR IN NIGERIA

Ibrahim Yinka AGBEYINKA — 2025-05-01

This study examines the impact of healthcare delivery on primary output sector using the ordinary least squares (OLS) with annual secondary data from 1984 to 2022 sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Index Mundi Database. The co-integration and regression analysis of the variables were used to analyze the data. The result of this study shows that independent variables (life expectancy and mortality rate) have significant impact on the agricultural sector output in Nigeria which means that agricultural output is dependent on healthcare. From this study the government is advised to ensure that specialized free medical care should be provided to large farmers to maintain their ability to continue working in the agricultural industry. This will significantly improve and maintain our large-scale farmers' human capacity. In addition, to enable technical efficiency in the provision of their services, committees or agencies should be established to regularly monitor and assess performance and track the use of resources, health policies, and changes. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of health financing policies and initiatives is necessary.

THE IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC ACADEMIC LEARNING MATERIALS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, NIGERIA

Peter Babajide OLOBA — 2025-06-30

The reliance on electronic academic learning materials among students in tertiary institutions has become increasingly prevalent. However, this trend has led to unintended consequences, such as a declining reading culture and reduced use of traditional college libraries. This study investigated the use and accessibility of electronic academic learning resources and their impact on undergraduate academic performance at the University of Ibadan. Employing an exploratory cross-sectional research design, a sample of 600 undergraduate students was selected using the Yamane statistical formula, and data were collected through accidental sampling. A structured, closed-ended questionnaire was administered, and the data were analysed quantitatively using both descriptive and inferential parametric statistics. Findings revealed that 100% of respondents regularly accessed electronic academic learning materials, with no significant relationship between access and class background (R² = .034, p > .68). Regarding utilisation, 83.2% of the students relied on these resources for academic reading and assignments. The use of electronic academic learning materials significantly predicted utilisation patterns (R = .74, R² = .84, p < .000), with a mean utilisation score of M = 2.0. However, increased reliance on electronic materials was associated with reduced intention to use the library (M = 1.1) and a weakened reading culture (M = 2.0). The study concludes that undergraduate students at the University of Ibadan heavily rely on electronic academic learning materials, which may negatively impact library use and reading habits. It is recommended that university libraries adopt electronic-based models to attract student patronage and encourage library engagement. Furthermore, a systemic integration of technology into teaching, learning, and assessment practices is advocated to promote the effective and balanced use of academic resources, ultimately enhancing students' academic performance.

TECHNOLOGICAL ACCOUNTING AND CORPORATE DECISION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA

Ahmed Oluwatobi ADEKUNLE — 2025-06-30

Any business, regardless of size, must implement good internal control systems and sound technological accounting because small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) cannot afford the complexity of a comprehensive accounting system, which leads to many of them having single entries in their books and incomplete records. This study aims to examine the impact of technological accounting on corporate decisions of small and medium enterprises. The population for this study consists of 150 employees of Top Performance Builders LTD, Boyawek Guest Amenities, and Rightstart Dynamic Resources. This sample size of 80 employees was drawn using convenience sampling. The research design for this study is a survey design and stratified random sampling and simple random sampling (probability sampling technique) were the sampling techniques used in this research work. The findings indicate that technological accounting enhances administrative effectiveness of manufacturing organizations, also technological accounting plays a significant role in helping firms enhance service delivery. This study recommends that businesses should feel secure enough to employ information technology effectively to boost and improve their competitive edge in this perplexing, globalized environment. Secondly, it is crucial to continuously update technological accounting to keep up with the rapid advancements in the contemporary business environment. Management of SMEs should view technological accounting improvement as a continuous process that should not be halted after success at a particular stage.

FROM CENTRALIZATION TO PARTICIPATION: UNDERSTANDING DECISION-MAKING IN ROMANIAN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Liliana AIOANEI — 2025-08-01

Decision-making autonomy in educational institutions has been consistently associated with professional satisfaction, organizational justice, leadership, and the quality of educational outcomes. While international research emphasizes the positive implications of teacher autonomy for school effectiveness, empirical evidence from early childhood education in Romania remains limited. This article presents a quantitative study investigating the relationships between decision-making autonomy, job satisfaction, leadership, procedural justice, and emotion-based decision-making among preschool teachers and managers. Using a cross-sectional design with an original questionnaire adapted from validated international instruments, data were collected from 113 participants in public and private preschools. Statistical analyses revealed significant associations between leadership and job satisfaction, leadership and desired autonomy, and procedural justice and job satisfaction, while correlations between perceived autonomy and job satisfaction were not significant. Results highlight the important role of transparent decision-making processes and participatory leadership in shaping teachers’ perceptions of fairness and professional fulfillment. The findings contribute to the understanding of decision-making autonomy in Romanian preschool education and suggest practical directions for strengthening participatory management.