PROCESS MEASURES IN EDUCATIONAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COUNSELLING RESEARCH: USES AND METHODOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

The process of change is a key research variable in the fields of counselling, psychotherapy and academic learning. Understanding this process is as important as measuring its outcome. This cannot be done without collecting process data. A review of the literature revealed that the use of process measures in the three fields emerged at different times and developed at different rates. The aim of this paper is to shed some light on the development of process research in these three related fields.  To this end, we will briefly refer to the meaning of process in these fields, then, we will list different types of research questions that require collecting process data. We will also list the most known process measures in each of the fields in question. Finally, we will discuss the importance of different types of time series analysis as the most adequate and easy process data analysis procedures.